A.KALIMAT
➠ Kalimat adalah sebuah unit gramatikal yang
terdiri dari satu klausa atau lebih yang ditulis dengan awalan huruf kapital
dan diakhiri oleh titik.
➠ Jenis-jenis kalimat:
1. Kalimat sederhana(simple
sentence):
Terdiri atas satu subjek lengkap dan predikat ➠ s + v
·
Pernyataan He lives in new york.
·
Pertanyaan How old are you ?
·
Permintaan Please close the door.
·
Seruan
What a terrible temper she has !
2. Kalimat majemuk
setara(compound sentence)
Terdiri atas dua kalimat atau lebih yang digabung menjadi satu dengan:
·
Tanda baca saja
The weather was very bad;all
classes were canceled.
·
Tanda
baca dan kata keterangan penghubung
The weatherWas very bad;therefore all classes were
canceled.
·
Penghubung koordinat(and,or,but,yet,so,for)
The
weather Was very bad;so all classes were Canceled.
3. Kalimat majemuk
bertingkat(complex sentence)
Terdiri atas satu atau
lebih anak kalimat(subordinat clause)atau klausa terikat.Anak kalimat terdiri
atas subjek lengkap dan predikat yang di mulai dengan kata yang mengaitkan anak
kalimat dengan klausa bebas(independent clause)atau disebut juga induk
kalimat(main clause)
· Klausa kata
keterangan
All
classes were canceled because the weather was bad.
· Klausa kata
sifat Children who are under twelve years Must be accompanied by their parents .
· Klausa kata
benda I can’t understand why you did such a thing.
4. Kalimat majemuk setara-bertingkat(compound-complex
sentence)
Terdiri atas dua klausa
bebas atau lebih dan satu klausa terikat atau lebih.
All
classes were canceled because the weather was bad,
And students
were told to listen the radio to find out
When classes
would begin again.
➠KOORDINASI DI DALAM KALIMAT-DENGAN AND,OR,BUT
Kata He works quickly and efficiently.
Frasa Bored by the conversation,but not wanting to leave,he walked out into the garden.
Klausa He said that he was tired and that he was going to bed.
➠PERMINTAAN DAN PERINTAH(IMPERATIVE)
Orang kedua,tunggal dan jamak: Open the door.
Don't open the door.
Orang pertama dan kedua bersama-sama: Let's open the door.
Let's not open the door.
Kata keterangan dapat mendahukui kata kerja imperative:
Always open that door slowly.
Don't ever open that door.
➠Kontruksi pararel
⧪ Kata,frase,atau klausa yang digabungkan dengan penghubung koordinat and,or,but memiliki bentuk gramatika yang sama(paralisme).
➤Her long illness and slow recovery made her very despondent.
➤She doesn't like to get up in the morning or to go to bed at night.
➤He told us that his wife had been in an accident but that luckily she had not been hurt.
⧪ Kata,frase,atau klausa yang digabungkan dengan penghubung koordinat berpasangan(korelatif)-both...and,either...(n)or,not only...but also.
➤They are either at their country home or at the beach.
➤You are not only kind but also frienly.
➤Both john and his sister have finished thier homework.
➠Kontruksi menjuntai(Dangling)
➤preparing breakfast in too much of a hurry,she burned the toast.
(subjek yang mengikuti berfunngsi sebagai pelaku)
Menjuntai(dangling)
preparing breakfast in too much of a hurry,the toast was burned.
(subjek yang mengikuti tidak berfungsi sebagai pelaku)
➤Aftrer eating dinner,she cleared the table.
(subjek yang mengikuti berfungsi sebagai pelaku)
Menjuntai(dangling)
After eating dinner,the table was cleared.
(subjek yang mengikuti tidak berfungsi sebagai pelaku)
Thanks for reading Grammar for toefl 2 in my blog.
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